旧约 - 创世记(Genesis)第38章

And it came to pass at that time, that Judah went down from his brethren, and turned in to a certain Adullamite, whose name was Hirah.
And Judah saw there a daughter of a certain Canaanite, whose name was Shuah; and he took her, and went in unto her.
And she conceived, and bare a son; and he called his name Er.
And she conceived again, and bare a son; and she called his name Onan.
And she yet again conceived, and bare a son; and called his name Shelah: and he was at Chezib, when she bare him.
And Judah took a wife for Er his firstborn, whose name was Tamar.
And Er, Judah's firstborn, was wicked in the sight of the LORD; and the LORD slew him.
And Judah said unto Onan, Go in unto thy brother's wife, and marry her, and raise up seed to thy brother.
And Onan knew that the seed should not be his; and it came to pass, when he went in unto his brother's wife, that he spilled it on the ground, lest that he should give seed to his brother.
And the thing which he did displeased the LORD: wherefore he slew him also.
Then said Judah to Tamar his daughter in law, Remain a widow at thy father's house, till Shelah my son be grown: for he said, Lest peradventure he die also, as his brethren did. And Tamar went and dwelt in her father's house.
And in process of time the daughter of Shuah Judah's wife died; and Judah was comforted, and went up unto his sheepshearers to Timnath, he and his friend Hirah the Adullamite.
And it was told Tamar, saying, Behold thy father in law goeth up to Timnath to shear his sheep.
And she put her widow's garments off from her, and covered her with a vail, and wrapped herself, and sat in an open place, which is by the way to Timnath; for she saw that Shelah was grown, and she was not given unto him to wife.
When Judah saw her, he thought her to be an harlot; because she had covered her face.
And he turned unto her by the way, and said, Go to, I pray thee, let me come in unto thee; (for he knew not that she was his daughter in law.) And she said, What wilt thou give me, that thou mayest come in unto me?
And he said, I will send thee a kid from the flock. And she said, Wilt thou give me a pledge, till thou send it?
And he said, What pledge shall I give thee? And she said, Thy signet, and thy bracelets, and thy staff that is in thine hand. And he gave it her, and came in unto her, and she conceived by him.
And she arose, and went away, and laid by her vail from her, and put on the garments of her widowhood.
And Judah sent the kid by the hand of his friend the Adullamite, to receive his pledge from the woman's hand: but he found her not.
Then he asked the men of that place, saying, Where is the harlot, that was openly by the way side? And they said, There was no harlot in this place.
And he returned to Judah, and said, I cannot find her; and also the men of the place said, that there was no harlot in this place.
And Judah said, Let her take it to her, lest we be shamed: behold, I sent this kid, and thou hast not found her.
And it came to pass about three months after, that it was told Judah, saying, Tamar thy daughter in law hath played the harlot; and also, behold, she is with child by whoredom. And Judah said, Bring her forth, and let her be burnt.
When she was brought forth, she sent to her father in law, saying, By the man, whose these are, am I with child: and she said, Discern, I pray thee, whose are these, the signet, and bracelets, and staff.
And Judah acknowledged them, and said, She hath been more righteous than I; because that I gave her not to Shelah my son. And he knew her again no more.
And it came to pass in the time of her travail, that, behold, twins were in her womb.
And it came to pass, when she travailed, that the one put out his hand: and the midwife took and bound upon his hand a scarlet thread, saying, This came out first.
And it came to pass, as he drew back his hand, that, behold, his brother came out: and she said, How hast thou broken forth? this breach be upon thee: therefore his name was called Pharez.
And afterward came out his brother, that had the scarlet thread upon his hand: and his name was called Zarah.
创世记第卅八章   第 38 章 

  创 38 章 > 敬虔与罪性的对比,是何等的强烈…… 

  38 章 这一章清楚记载了犹大不道德的品行,跟约瑟的德行成强烈的对比。犹大引致家庭里彼此争竞、尔虞我诈。下一章则记载约瑟的正直和智慧,反映出他的敬虔品性。因为他的忠心,神大大地赐福给他和他的家,是他所不能想像的。 

  创 38:8-10> 神对孤儿寡妇的关心是何等的细致;面对有需要的人时,我的表现…… 

  38:8-10 律法书记载了在家庭里娶寡嫂为妻的法例(参申 25:5-10 )。这条法例的目的是要使无儿无女的寡妇可以生儿子,那儿子可以承受她丈夫的产业,将来可以照顾她。因为犹大的长子珥──她玛的丈夫──没有儿子,所以无人传宗接代、承受产业,与神立约之福也不能延续下去。神叫俄南死,是因为他不肯尽对哥哥珥和寡嫂她玛当尽的本分──给他们留后。 

  创 38:15-23> 在充满邪淫的时代,我会如何谨守自己的生活? 

  38:15-23 为什么这里好像对卖淫毫不理会?原来,在迦南地的异教风俗中,作妓女是一件平常的事。事奉迦南女神的公众庙妓,是迦南宗教的崇拜对象,她们比一般的妓女更受人尊重。一般妓女有时行淫被捉会被惩罚,但是迦南宗教鼓励人与庙妓行淫,好使农作物和牛羊多产。她玛为了继承丈夫的谱系、成为犹大长子谱系之母而引诱犹大;犹大则欲火攻心而嫖妓,他们两个都不义。 

  创 38:15-24> 在没有道德的地方,我要怎样做才能实践神的心意? 

  38:15-24 犹大为什么对自己去嫖妓直认不讳,却要把作妓女的儿妇处死呢?要明白这种矛盾,我们就要知道当时迦南妇女在社会上的地位。妇女最重要的功能是生儿育女,为家族传宗接代。为了确保儿女是丈夫所生的,人们都期望新妇是处女,作妻子的亦不可红杏出墙、不守妇道。如果妻子犯了淫乱之罪,就要被处死。不过,有些妇女没有家庭,她们可能作庙妓,靠拜偶像之人的奉献来维持生活;或者作一般的妓女,受寻芳客的供给。她们所生的儿女不列在任何人的家谱中,因此和她们发生关系的人,也就没有跟任何家族人的亲属犯奸淫。 

  犹大觉得招妓度宿是无伤大雅之事,更何况他乐意付费。可是,他却要处死她玛,因为如果她是作妓女而怀孕,所生的孙儿就不属于他的血统。犹大显然从来没有想到道德的问题,他所关心的只是保存家族的血脉。但是她玛而不是犹大,主动地使这个家族有合法的后嗣,这真是一种极大的讽刺。她引诱犹大的行为却比犹大所做的更合乎律法的精神,因为他没有叫他的小儿子示拉娶她为妻。 

  这件事绝不是说神不计较人作妓女。其实,在整部圣经中,行淫都是严重的罪行。论到此事中的德行,可取之处只是尽上对家族本分的忠心,这也是重要的。其次,犹大与她玛是耶稣基督在肉身上的直系祖先(参太 1:1-6 )。 

  创 38:18> 她玛的凭据,表达了犹大的不义。我生命中是否也有印迹显出我的罪? 

  38:18 印是盖在法律文件上、使之生效的证物。每个印都有独特的设计,用石头刻成,可当作指环戴在手上或串在项链上,是极为重要的图章,不可离开主人。有财有势的人才会用印,盖在泥封或腊封的文件上。她玛因为得到犹大的印,所以有十足的把握,证明犹大与她有关系。 

  创 38:24-26> 别人犯错时,我总想指责;我,能否先坦诚反省自己的罪呢? 

  38:24-26 当她玛说自己怀了孕时,犹大并不知道那是他的骨肉,要将她处死。犹大把自己所犯的罪隐藏起来,却对她玛毫不留情。当我们恼怒别人所犯的罪时,其实我们同样也有犯罪又不想面对罪的倾向。我们若承认自己的罪,求神赦免,我们就更能饶恕别人了。──《灵修版圣经注释》