旧约 - 历代记上（1 Chronicles）第23章

So when David was old and full of days, he made Solomon his son king over Israel.

And he gathered together all the princes of Israel, with the priests and the Levites.

Now the Levites were numbered from the age of thirty years and upward: and their number by their polls, man by man, was thirty and eight thousand.

Of which, twenty and four thousand were to set forward the work of the house of the LORD; and six thousand were officers and judges:

Moreover four thousand were porters; and four thousand praised the LORD with the instruments which I made, said David, to praise therewith.

And David divided them into courses among the sons of Levi, namely, Gershon, Kohath, and Merari.

Of the Gershonites were, Laadan, and Shimei.

The sons of Laadan; the chief was Jehiel, and Zetham, and Joel, three.

The sons of Shimei; Shelomith, and Haziel, and Haran, three. These were the chief of the fathers of Laadan.

And the sons of Shimei were, Jahath, Zina, and Jeush, and Beriah. These four were the sons of Shimei.

And Jahath was the chief, and Zizah the second: but Jeush and Beriah had not many sons; therefore they were in one reckoning, according to their father's house.

The sons of Kohath; Amram, Izhar, Hebron, and Uzziel, four.

The sons of Amram; Aaron and Moses: and Aaron was separated, that he should sanctify the most holy things, he and his sons for ever, to burn incense before the LORD, to minister unto him, and to bless in his name for ever.

Now concerning Moses the man of God, his sons were named of the tribe of Levi.

The sons of Moses were, Gershom, and Eliezer.

Of the sons of Gershom, Shebuel was the chief.

And the sons of Eliezer were, Rehabiah the chief. And Eliezer had none other sons; but the sons of Rehabiah were very many.

Of the sons of Izhar; Shelomith the chief.

Of the sons of Hebron; Jeriah the first, Amariah the second, Jahaziel the third, and Jekameam the fourth.

Of the sons of Uzziel; Micah the first, and Jesiah the second.

The sons of Merari; Mahli, and Mushi. The sons of Mahli; Eleazar, and Kish.

And Eleazar died, and had no sons, but daughters: and their brethren the sons of Kish took them.

The sons of Mushi; Mahli, and Eder, and Jeremoth, three.

These were the sons of Levi after the house of their fathers; even the chief of the fathers, as they were counted by number of names by their polls, that did the work for the service of the house of the LORD, from the age of twenty years and upward.

For David said, The LORD God of Israel hath given rest unto his people, that they may dwell in Jerusalem for ever:

And also unto the Levites; they shall no more carry the tabernacle, nor any vessels of it for the service thereof.

For by the last words of David the Levites were numbered from twenty years old and above:

Because their office was to wait on the sons of Aaron for the service of the house of the LORD, in the courts, and in the chambers, and in the purifying of all holy things, and the work of the service of the house of God;

Both for the shewbread, and for the fine flour for meat offering, and for the unleavened cakes, and for that which is baked in the pan, and for that which is fried, and for all manner of measure and size;

And to stand every morning to thank and praise the LORD, and likewise at even;

And to offer all burnt sacrifices unto the LORD in the sabbaths, in the new moons, and on the set feasts, by number, according to the order commanded unto them, continually before the LORD:

And that they should keep the charge of the tabernacle of the congregation, and the charge of the holy place, and the charge of the sons of Aaron their brethren, in the service of the house of the LORD.

历代志上第廿三章　　第 23 章　

　　代上 23 章 > 23 章之后的 5 章作者要交待什么？　

　　23 章　大卫虽然不能建造圣殿，却为圣殿多方准备，态度极其认真。他不但为圣殿预备了经费和材料，并且为行政工作以及敬拜聚会作了多方面的安排和设计。最初读历代志的人，是从被掳之地归回，重建被巴比伦军队毁灭的圣殿的人，这一段建造圣殿过程的史料对他们极其宝贵。以下的五章，说明行政组织对平稳有效的事奉是不可少的。　

　　代上 23:1> 所罗门作王的历史还记载于──　

　　23:1　关于所罗门登基，以及亚多尼雅想篡夺王位的详情，见列王纪下 1-2 章。　

　　代上 23:3> 又是数点人数？这次……　

　　23:3　大卫这一次数点人数蒙神悦纳，而在 21 章之中所记载的那次却招耶和华惩罚，原因何在？因为这一次只数点利未人，就是被分别出来事奉神之人。这次数点是为了组织他们做圣殿的工作，不像上次，数点战士的数目是出于大卫的骄傲与自负。　

　　代上 23:14> 神人是指什么呢？神圣？抑或……　

　　23:14　本节提到摩西并称他为“神人”。属于神的人无论男女，他们身上都反映出神的同在、形像与大能，这是对人多么意味深远的描述！　

　　祭司与利未人在圣殿中的职责　

　　代上 23:28-32> 祭司和利未人各尽其责；我在教会尽上了当尽的本分没有？　

　　23:28-32　祭司和利未人在圣殿和它的周围有不同的工作。祭司有权献祭，利未人则被指派分别出来协助祭司。利未人作长老、执事、保管助理、乐师、搬运、修理及守门等工作。祭司与利未人同出于利未支派，不过祭司必须是第一任大祭司亚伦的后裔（参出 28:1-3 ）。祭司与利未人都领受以色列人的十一奉献，并从分给他们的城邑之中得到经费。如果没有祭司与利未人同心主领宗教礼仪，以色列人就不能在圣殿敬拜神。他们的责任尽管不同，在神的计划之中却是同样重要的。不论你在教会中居于什么地位，你的事奉都能让会众受益。──《灵修版圣经注释》　

历代志上　　注释　　　　　　

　　二十三 1 至二十七 34 圣殿与王国　

　　无论略读或细读，这几章圣经都会把人吓怕，略读只会看见毫无帮助的名单，像一至九章一样；而细读则会发现其中有许多明显的矛盾。这些其实是利未支派的家族名单，加插了别的资料，说明利未人在圣殿中的事奉。这里大部分数据似乎都不属于戴维时代，有些甚至是属于历代志作者那时代的。然而，这些数据全都被看成「戴维时代的」，正如所有旧约律法都集中于摩西，所有旧约智慧都集中于所罗门一样。戴维为了兴建圣殿，准备材料，而以色列民则是一群准备好去事奉神的民。　

　　二十三 1-6 众首领的集会　

　　第 1 节应看为历代志上余下数章的总标题（并不是二十九 22 所暗示的头一个典礼）。余下这 7 章圣经，以本节启始，二十九章 28 节结束，把戴维执政的日子推向灿烂的高峰。旧约使用「年纪老迈，日子满足」这说法来形容那些该得荣誉的伟人，如亚伯拉罕和乔布。历代志作者删除了凡人戴维的犯罪和消极部分，因为这些会有损君王戴维的官方画像。此处好像有两次集会和两次「加冕礼」，很可能是正确的；在原文中，第 2 节的招聚并不及后来的用字那么正规（二十八 1 ）。　

　　本章稍后会处理利未支派分为祭司和（其它）利未人的情况（ 2 节），而「利未人」的 4 种划分，则是本章和其后 4 章的基础（ 4-5 节）。此处利未人 30 岁的年龄下限（ 3 节）跟别处的 20 岁（ 24 、 27 节），显示本部分（像本书开始的数章一样）是从不同时代拼贴成的整幅以色列人图画。　

　　二十三 7 至二十四 31 在圣所供职的人员　

　　利未家族的名单（二十三 7-23 ，二十四 20-31 ）包着两个中心部分，这两部分是利未人的职务（二十三 24-32 ）和祭司的划分（二十四 1-9 ）。利未 3 个儿子是头一批名单之首（二十三 7-23 ）；二十三章 6 节下大概用作本部分的标题。二十三章 7 节的革顺子孙，可能是比六章 17 节提及的较后期，而二十三章 9 节上的人，可能又是来自不同的时期。历代志作者把祭司和其余利未支派之职务划分开来（二十三 13 ）。　

　　其余利未人的职务，在二十三章 24 至 32 节中详述。一旦那可移动的会幕被永久的圣所取代了，他们某方面的职责当然也会有所改变（二十三 25-26 ），而所牵涉的似乎是一般的利未人（即二十三 4-5 所指出的各个分部）。「二十岁」（二十三 24 、 27 ），请参看二十三章 3 节之注释。　

　　祭司的划分是利未支派中另一种分类（二十四 1-19 ）。作者回顾往昔，谈到亚伦两个大儿子之死（二十四 2 ），但却没有说出其中蒙羞的原因（利十 1-2 ）。那不寻常的句子「在神面前作首领的」（二十四 5 ），可能是以另一个方法来描述「在圣所作首领的」（「和」解作「甚至」或「就是」），又或许两种描述只表示这些领袖是「圣洁」和「杰出」的。前瞻未来， 24 个「族长」中，有些名字在后期再次出现，如耶何雅立（二十四 7 ）出现在《马加比一书》二章 1 节，哈歌斯（二十四 10 ）出现在以斯拉记二章 61 节和尼赫迈亚记七章 63 节，而最着名的是亚比雅（二十四 10 ），出现在路加福音一章 5 节。　

　　利未人最后的名单见于二十四章 20 至 31 节，相当于二十三章 12 至 23 节的名单，却是一个世代以后了。我们再次看见作者所描绘的以色列画像是有许多层次的，他是把许多不同时期的记载合并起来。　

旧约 - 历代记上（1 Chronicles）第23章

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